By having switches built into each rack, servers can be better aggregated and connected to other data center components. They also simplify and shorten cabling and facilitate replication of rack configurations. The ToR concept is suitable for high- performance blade servers and supports migration to 10 Gigabit Ethernet. In this context, 10- gigabit Ethernet can be implemented over short distances with TP cables, whereas 25- and 40-gigabit Ethernet require fiber optic cables. The aim of the various networking concepts is to minimize the cabling effort between the many servers - often several tens of thousands - with TP cables or with fiber optic cables. In these concepts, the rack with the switches is located in the middle or at the end of the lined-up server racks.
Alternative networking concepts include Middle of Row( MoR) and End of Row( EoR).
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